Transplantology is a rapidly developing field of medicine that allows saving lives and improving the quality of life for those who suffer from serious organ damage or failure. Transplantation includes not only a surgical procedure but also complex preoperative preparation, immunosuppressive therapy, and long-term rehabilitation, which ensures the functioning of the transplanted organ and the improvement of the patient’s quality of life.

Modern approaches in the field of donation are focused on increasing the availability of donor organs. This is achieved by expanding donor criteria, encouraging living donation, and introducing technologies that help overcome blood group and HLA incompatibilities. Research is actively underway in the field of xenotransplantation, which in the future will make it possible to use animal organs in humans.

Cell and tissue engineering, including the use of stem cells and 3D bioprinting, is a promising direction for the development of transplantology. These technologies potentially offer the possibility of restoring damaged organs and creating individually tailored, bioengineered organs, which will significantly reduce the demand for donor organs and expand access to transplantation.