Clinical cytology is an independent clinical discipline that has significant diagnostic capabilities, especially in cases where open biopsy is not advisable or impossible due to the anatomical structure of the organ, the smallness of the pathological process, its localization, the risk of disease progression, or other circumstances. Cytological research involves the study of pathological processes occurring in the body at the cellular level and the differentiation of benign and malignant processes through a microscope, which allows for the treatment of the disease at an early stage. The cytological method is a simple, painless procedure, requires little time, is less traumatic, and does not cause complications.

The role of cytology in modern medicine is important for the following reasons:
Early diagnosis of cancer, Diagnosis clarification, Treatment monitoring, Non-invasiveness, Quick results.

Cytology is constantly developing, with new technologies and methods being introduced to improve diagnostic capabilities. Molecular cytology and immunocytochemistry facilitate more detailed studies of cells and improve the typing of tumors.