Modern proctology is based on the latest advances in diagnosis and treatment. Here are some main directions:

Minimally Invasive Surgery: Instead of traditional open surgical interventions, minimally invasive methods, such as laparoscopy and endoscopy, are increasingly used. These methods provide small incisions, less pain, faster recovery, and better cosmetic results. For example, ligation, sclerotherapy, laser coagulation, and ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries are widely used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Laparoscopic resection is often performed for colon tumors.

High-Resolution Imaging: To improve the accuracy of diagnosis, high-resolution imaging technologies such as video colonoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and capsule endoscopy are used. These methods allow detailed examination of the intestinal mucosa and detection of early cancerous and precancerous changes.

Molecular Diagnostics: Analysis of molecular markers is used to assess the risk of colorectal cancer and to personalize treatment. For example, genetic testing allows determining a hereditary predisposition to cancer and selecting an appropriate screening and surveillance strategy. Molecular profiling of tumor tissue helps in choosing targeted therapy.

Multidisciplinary Approach: In the management of proctological diseases, especially in the case of cancer, it is important to have a multidisciplinary team that includes proctologists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and other specialists. This ensures that the most effective and individualized treatment plan is developed for the patient.

Patient-Centered Care: In modern proctology, great attention is paid to informing the patient, taking into account their expectations and active participation in the treatment process. Patients are given detailed information about the disease, treatment options, possible complications, and prognosis. They also receive recommendations on lifestyle changes and diet, which helps to control the disease and improve the quality of life.

Therefore, proctology is an important branch of medicine that ensures timely diagnosis, effective treatment of diseases of the colon, rectum, and anal area, and improvement of the quality of life of patients.