The main diseases podology and podiatry deal with include various problems of the foot, ankle, and lower limbs. Specifically, these specialties address nail disorders such as ingrown nails, fungal infections, and nail deformities; skin problems including corns, calluses, warts, and heel fissures; osteoarticular diseases like flat feet, hallux valgus (bunion), gout, and arthritis; sports injuries such as sprains, tendonitis, and stress fractures; as well as diabetic foot issues like neuropathy, ulcers, and infections. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing these conditions and preventing complications.